Sodium bicarbonate, with the chemical formula NaHCO₃, is a white crystalline powder. It is also commonly known as baking soda. It has a slightly salty taste and is soluble in water, producing a weakly alkaline solution.

Sodium bicarbonate has numerous uses in various aspects of daily life and industries:

Food Industry: It is widely used in baking as a leavening agent. When heated or combined with an acidic ingredient in a recipe, it releases carbon dioxide gas, which causes the dough or batter to rise, resulting in a lighter and fluffier texture in baked goods such as bread, cakes, and cookies. It is also used in the production of some carbonated beverages to provide the characteristic fizz.

Personal Care: In personal care products, it is used in toothpaste to help whiten teeth and freshen breath. It can also be found in some bath products and foot soaks, where it helps to soothe and deodorize. Additionally, it is used in some antiperspirants and deodorants due to its ability to neutralize odors.

Cleaning and Household: Sodium bicarbonate is an effective cleaning agent. It can be used to clean countertops, sinks, and other surfaces by removing stains and grease. It is also useful for deodorizing refrigerators, carpets, and shoes. When mixed with water, it can be used to clean and disinfect baby bottles and other household items.

Medical and Health: In the medical field, it is used as an antacid to relieve heartburn and indigestion by neutralizing excess stomach acid. It can also be used in emergency situations to treat acidosis, a condition where the body's pH becomes too acidic. In addition, it is sometimes used in first aid to treat minor burns and insect bites to help relieve pain and reduce inflammation.

Fire Extinguishing: It is a component of some dry - chemical fire extinguishers. When sprayed on a fire, it decomposes and releases carbon dioxide, which helps to smother the fire by displacing oxygen and preventing the combustion process from continuing.