Erbium chloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula ErCl₃. Erbium chloride is usually found in the form of colorless or yellowish crystals with a high melting point and can be stably present in air but will absorb moisture and deliquescent.

Erbium chloride has a variety of industrial uses, one of which is as an additive in the glass and ceramic industries, where it can be used to make special optical glasses that have important applications in fiber optic communication and laser technology. Erbium chloride can also be used as a catalyst in organic chemical synthesis.

In scientific research, erbium chloride can be used as a chemical reagent, in the synthesis and purification of other compounds of erbium, or as a raw material in the study of the chemical properties of rare earth elements.

In the medical field, certain compounds of erbium are used as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, as well as in laser surgery, especially in ophthalmic surgery.