Magnesium fluoride represented by the chemical formula MgF₂ that bears the IUPAC name magnesium difluoride is a stable compound that is not hygroscopic as such and slightly soluble in dilute acids (like nitric acid) but insoluble in alcohol. It is an ionic compound of magnesium and fluorine and non-polar in gaseous phase. In UV light it fluoresces purple.

Uses of Magnesium Fluoride 

1. Optical application: Magnesium fluoride is often used as a raw material for optical materials because of its good transparency and hardness. It can be used to make optical lenses, laser windows, optical fibers, and infrared transmittance materials, among others.

2. Lighting: In the lighting industry, magnesium fluoride can be used to make ultraviolet lamps and other special light sources.

3. Electronic devices: Magnesium fluoride has good electrical insulating properties, so it can be used as an insulating layer for integrated circuits, as well as an etching agent in the semiconductor manufacturing process.

4. Metal welding: Magnesium fluoride can be used as a flux in the welding process, especially when welding aluminum and aluminum alloys.

5. Fine ceramics: Due to its high temperature resistance and chemical stability, magnesium fluoride can be used as a part of fine ceramic materials.

6. Rust inhibitor: Magnesium fluoride can be used as a rust inhibitor on metal surfaces to protect the metal from corrosion.

7. Pharmaceutical industry: In the pharmaceutical industry, magnesium fluoride can be used as an ingredient in some medicines.

8. Nuclear industry: In nuclear reactors, magnesium fluoride can be used to make cladding materials for nuclear fuel elements.