Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 is a versatile compound with a wide range of applications due to its unique properties. Its mild alkalinity, absorbent nature, and safety profile make it an essential material in various industries, from industrial applications like water treatment and chemical production to consumer products like antacids and personal care products. Its environmental benefits and effectiveness have been recognized by regulatory agencies, ensuring its widespread use in a variety of products.

Chemical and Physical Properties

Chemical Formula: Mg(OH)2

Molecular Weight: 58.32 g/mol

Density: 2.36 g/cm³

Melting Point: Decomposes at 350°C

Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, soluble in acids

Color: White powder

Odor: Odorless

Toxicity: Generally considered safe, but can be harmful if ingested in large quantities

Crystal Form: Magnesium hydroxide typically forms a white, crystalline powder with a hexagonal crystal structure.

Industrial Applications

Water Treatment: Used as a flocculant to remove impurities from water.

Chemical Industry: Used in the production of other magnesium compounds.

Construction: Added to cement to improve its setting time and strength.

Consumer Products

Antacids: Used in over-the-counter medications to relieve heartburn and indigestion.

Personal Care Products: Found in toothpaste and mouthwashes for its mild abrasive properties.

Cosmetics: Used in skin care products for its soothing and protective properties.

Medical Applications

Pharmaceuticals: Used as a laxative and antacid.

Surgical Implants: Used in bone grafts and other medical devices.

Environmental Applications

Air Pollution Control: Used in flue gas desulfurization to remove sulfur dioxide from industrial emissions.

Waste Management: Used to neutralize acidic waste and improve soil quality.

Other Applications

Fire Retardants: Added to materials to improve fire resistance.

Agriculture: Used as a soil amendment to improve soil pH and nutrient availability.