Magnesium dihydrogen phosphate, also known as magnesium diphosphate, has the chemical formula Mg(H2PO4)2 and is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water. It is an inorganic phosphate that consists of magnesium ions and dihydrophosphate ions. Magnesium dihydrogen phosphate is found in nature in the form of the mineral brucite.

Magnesium dihydrogen phosphate is a versatile inorganic compound that has a wide range of uses in different industries:

1. Nutritional supplements: Magnesium dihydrogen phosphate can be used as a source of magnesium and phosphorus in food, animal feed, and fertilizers to supplement these nutrients.

2. Food additives: In the food industry, magnesium dihydrogen phosphate can be used as a buffer, acidity regulator, stabilizer, or preservative. It can also act as a yeast nutrient to help bread and other bakery products ferment.

3. Flame retardant: Magnesium dihydrogen phosphate is flame retardant, so it is added to plastics, rubber, and other synthetic materials to reduce the risk of fire and improve the fire resistance of the material.

4. Water treatment: In industrial water treatment, magnesium dihydrogen phosphate can be used as a precipitant to help remove heavy metal ions such as iron and manganese from water.

5. Medicinal uses: Magnesium dihydrogen phosphate can be used as an extended-release agent in the pharmaceutical industry or as an ingredient in certain drugs, such as antacids.

6. Rocket fuel: Magnesium dihydrogen phosphate is used as a catalyst or stabilizer for rocket fuel in the aerospace industry.

7. Ceramic materials: In ceramic manufacturing, magnesium dihydrogen phosphate can be used as a flux to reduce the sintering temperature of ceramics and improve their mechanical properties.

8. Agriculture: Magnesium dihydrogen phosphate can be used as a phosphate fertilizer for plants, providing the phosphorus elements needed for plant growth.

9. Anti-caking agent: In powdered products, such as milk powder and powdered sugar, magnesium dihydrogen phosphate can be used as an anti-caking agent to prevent the product from clumping during storage.