Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a versatile compound with a wide range of applications due to its unique properties. Its high refractive index, non-toxicity, and ability to scatter light make it an essential material in various industries, from industrial applications like paints and coatings to consumer products like sunscreen and food colorants. Its safety and effectiveness have been recognized by regulatory agencies, ensuring its widespread use in a variety of products.

Chemical and Physical Characteristics

Chemical Formula: TiO2

Molecular Weight: 233.38 g/mol

Density: 4.5 g/cm³

Boiling Point: 1,600°C

Melting Point: 1,580°C

Refractive Index: High, contributing to its excellent light-scattering ability

Solubility: Insoluble in water and alcohol, soluble in concentrated acids

Color: White

Odor: Odorless

Toxicity: Non-toxic and safe for medical use

Applications

1. Industrial Applications

Paints and Coatings: TiO2 is a key ingredient in paints and coatings, providing opacity, brightness, and whiteness.

Plastics: Used as a pigment to enhance the whiteness and opacity of plastics.

Paper: Added to paper to increase brightness and opacity.

Rubber: Improves the whiteness and opacity of rubber products.

2. Consumer Products

Sunscreen: TiO2 acts as a UV filter, protecting the skin from harmful ultraviolet radiation.

Food: Used as a food colorant to enhance the white color or opacity of food products.

Cosmetics: Found in various cosmetic products, including foundations and powders, for its opacity and whiteness.

3. Medical Applications

Pharmaceuticals: TiO2 is used in pharmaceuticals as a filler or coating material due to its non-toxicity.

Medical Devices: Used in medical devices where a non-toxic, inert material is required.

4. Photocatalysis

Environmental Applications: Anatase TiO2 is used in photocatalytic applications to break down organic pollutants and pathogens in water and air.

5. Other Applications

Textiles: TiO2 is used in textiles to provide whiteness and opacity.

Ceramics: Added to ceramics to improve whiteness and opacity.

Glass: Used in glass production to enhance opacity and whiteness.